Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies
Dinu M, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A, Sofi F
Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Abstract
This meta-analysis of observational studies found that vegetarian and vegan diets were associated with reduced risk of ischemic heart disease, total cancer incidence, and type 2 diabetes.
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Last checked: January 10, 2026
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Meta-AnalysisMeta-analysis combining data from multiple studies. Considered the gold standard of evidence.
Published in Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
Independently verifiable via DOI, PubMed, or stable URL
Used in Content (11)
FAQs (10)
“Vegan diets are deficient / unsafe”
Iron: “Vegans are always anemic”
Calcium, vitamin D, and bone health
Omega-3: “You need fish”
Pregnancy and lactation
Longevity / all-cause mortality
“Proper planning is hard”
What about ex-vegans and health failures?
Are vegan diets safe for children?
What supplements do vegans need besides B12?